Palabras clave
Cómo citar
Resumen
Upwelling in the ocean is a phenomenon that has long captured the attention of scientists and local communities around the world. Upwelling is the process by which deeper water, sometimes at depths much deeper than 100 meters, is forced upward toward the surface by action of winds or currents. The amount of energy to move water and salt from those depths to the surface, over linear distances that often exceed hundreds or thousands of kilometers and areas that span several tens to hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, is staggering. With those motions, entire ecosystems and millions of living and dead organisms are turned over in the oceanic water column as well.
Citas
Andrade, C. and E. Barton. (2005). The Guajira upwelling system. Cont. Shelf Res., 25(9), 1003-1022.
Castellanos, P., R. Varela, and F. Muller-Karger. (2002). Descripción de las áreas de surgencia al sur del Mar Caribe examinadas con el sensor infrarojo AVHRR. Memorias de la Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales. 154, 55-76.
Corredor, J. (1979). Phytoplankton response to low level nutrient enrichment through upwelling in the Columbian Caribbean Basin. Deep Sea Research., 26 A. 731-741.
Fajardo, G. (1979). Surgencia costera en las proximidades de la península colombiana de La Guajira. Boletín Científico Centro Investigaciones Oceanológicas e Hidrográficas, 2,7-9.
Gómez Gaspar, Alfredo, and Arturo Acero P. (2020). Comparison of the upwellings of the Colombian Guajira and eastern Venezuela. Bulletin of Marine and Coastal Research, 49 (2), 131-172. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25268/bimc.invemar.2020.49.2.943.
Muller-Karger, F. E., C. R. McClain, T. R. Fisher, W. E. Esaias, and R. Varela. (1989). Pigment distribution in the Caribbean Sea: Observations from Space. Progress in Oceanography, 23, 23-69.
Pauly D., Zeller D., Palomares M.L.D. (Eds), (2020). Sea Around Us Concepts, Design and Data (seaaroundus.org).
Polanco F., Andrea, Julio Andrés Quintero-Gil, Fabián Cortés, and Guillermo Duque. (2009). Contribution to the knowledge of the fish fauna in two isobaths (10 and 50 m) of the Guajira region, Colombian Caribbean. Bol. Invest. Mar. Cost. 38 (2), 145-163.
Rueda-Roa, D. (2012). On the spatial and temporal variability of upwelling in the southern Caribbean Sea and its influence on the ecology of phytoplankton and of Spanish sardine (Sardinella aurita). (Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. South Florida.) Repositorio Universidad de South Florida.
Rueda-Roa, D., T. Ezer, and F. E. Muller-Karger. (2018). Description and mechanisms of the mid-year upwelling in the southern Caribbean Sea from remote sensing and local data. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 6,36. doi:10.3390/jmse6020036.
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2023 Frank Muller-Karger