Palabras clave
fabrica
micro red
renovables
simulación
Cómo citar
Resumen
Con la creciente demanda de energía eléctrica del siglo XXI, este trabajo se enfoca en el análisis de la implementación de una Micro-Red al sistema que suministra el servicio de energía eléctrica a una pequeña fábrica dedicada a la elaboración de material de construcción, prestación de servicios de maquinarias y encofrados para construcción, la fábrica está ubicada en la ciudad en Azogues- Ecuador. Esta se encuentra clasificada como servicio de Bajo Voltaje Industrial Artesanal por el ARCERNNR y actualmente se encuentra abastecida por la red eléctrica trifásica de la Empresa Distribuidora, donde presenta una demanda energética variable con picos mensuales de hasta 10.525 kW y un consumo promedio diario de 34.30 kWh. El horario de trabajo es de 07:00 a 18:00, donde lo que se busca es ver la factibilidad de la incorporación de energías renovables, para esto se usa datos históricos de la NASA donde indican condiciones favorables para paneles solares y aerogeneradores. La Micro-Red propuesta combina estos recursos con almacenamiento de energía mediante baterías y una conexión a la red externa. Simulaciones que se realizaron con HOMER Pro identificando soluciones óptimas, con un costo de energía (COE) tan bajo como $0.09/kWh y una contribución renovable de hasta 78.2%. Escenarios alternativos confirmaron la robustez de esta configuración. La implementación de la Micro-Red garantiza un suministro estable de energía, reduce emisiones de carbono, mejora la independencia energética y es financieramente atractiva a largo plazo.
Citas
Ahshan, R., Al-Hanshi, A. M., Al-Naabi, M. A., Al-Hashmi, H. A., & Al-Badi, A. H. (2020). Design and Economic Analysis of a Grid-connected Rooftop Solar PV System for Typical Home Applications in Oman. Electrical Science & Engineering, 2(2), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.30564/ese.v2i2.2188
Alam, M. S., Hossain, M. A., Shafiullah, M., Islam, A., Choudhury, M. S. H., Faruque, M. O., & Abido, M. A. (2024). Renewable energy integration with DC microgrids: Challenges and opportunities. In Electric Power Systems Research (Vol. 234). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110548
Baccouche, G., Saidi, A. S., Falama, R. Z., & Salah, C. Ben. (2022). Analysis of microgrid with wind-turbine and batteries optimized for load shedding in Tunisia. 2022 IEEE 21st International Conference on Sciences and Techniques of Automatic Control and Computer Engineering, STA 2022 - Proceedings, 471–475. https://doi.org/10.1109/STA56120.2022.10019031
Bacha, B., Ghodbane, H., Dahmani, H., Betka, A., Toumi, A., & Chouder, A. (2024). Optimal sizing of a hybrid microgrid system using solar, wind, diesel, and battery energy storage to alleviate energy poverty in a rural area of Biskra, Algeria. Journal of Energy Storage, 84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.110651
Bagheri, F., Dagdougui, H., & Gendreau, M. (2022). Stochastic optimization and scenario generation for peak load shaving in Smart District microgrid: sizing and operation. Energy and Buildings, 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112426
Butt, H. M. M., Khan, I., & Xia, E. (2024). Impact of energy imports, renewable electricity production, alternative, and nuclear energy sources on natural gas resource rents. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33854-1
Cayetano-Jimenez, I. U., Martinez-Rios, E. A., Bustamante-Bello, R., Ramirez-Mendoza, R. A., & Ramirez-Montoya, M. S. (2024). Experimenting With Soft Robotics in Education: A Systematic Literature Review From 2006 to 2022. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 17, 1261–1278. https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2024.3372894
Chandrakar, S. K., Yadav, D. K., Singh, J., Verma, D. K., & Khan, A. (2013). Experimental study of micro industry of animal and human powered mechanical device for battery charging. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 8(17 SPEC. ISSUE), 1953–1961. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2014.08.035
Chen, Y., Li, Z., Yu, S. S., Liu, B., & Chen, X. (2024). A profitability optimization approach of virtual power plants comprised of residential and industrial microgrids for demand-side ancillary services. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2024.101289
Cheng, D., Xing, F., Su, R., Qi, H., Ma, L., Ma, H., Wang, T., Zhou, N., & Li, C. (2023). Multiple Wind Farms Power Generation Scenario Generation and Reduction Based on Multivariate Copula Function and Greedy Strategy. 2023 7th International Conference on Power and Energy Engineering, ICPEE 2023, 337–342. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICPEE60001.2023.10453696
Cintuglu, M. H., & Mohammed, O. A. (2017). Behavior modeling and auction architecture of networked microgrids for frequency support. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 13(4), 1772–1782. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2016.2612648
Datta, J., & Das, D. (2023). Energy management of multi-microgrids with renewables and electric vehicles considering price-elasticity based demand response: A bi-level hybrid optimization approach. Sustainable Cities and Society, 99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104908
Dautzenberg, A., Kaiser, M., Weibelzahl, M., & Weissflog, J. (2024). Industrial multi-energy communities as grid-connected microgrids: Understanding the role of asymmetric grid-charge regulation. Journal of Cleaner Production, 466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142738
Faheem, M., Shah, S. B. H., Butt, R. A., Raza, B., Anwar, M., Ashraf, M. W., Ngadi, M. A., & Gungor, V. C. (2018). Smart grid communication and information technologies in the perspective of Industry 4.0: Opportunities and challenges. In Computer Science Review (Vol. 30, pp. 1–30). Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosrev.2018.08.001
Farhana, K., Kadirgama, K., Mahamude, A. S. F., & Mica, M. T. (2022). Energy consumption, environmental impact, and implementation of renewable energy resources in global textile industries: an overview towards circularity and sustainability. Materials Circular Economy, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-022-00059-1
Firdouse, F., & Sharma, P. (2022). Energy Systems using PS and PSO for a Micro-grid Applications. Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics, IC3I 2022, 1105–1110. https://doi.org/10.1109/IC3I56241.2022.10072887
Huang, X., Wang, K., Qiu, J., Hang, L., Li, G., & Wang, X. (2019). Decentralized Control of Multi-Parallel Grid-Forming DGs in Islanded Microgrids for Enhanced Transient Performance. IEEE Access, 7, 17958–17968. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2896594
Hussain, M. N., Janajreh, I., & Ghenai, C. (2016). Multiple Source Sustainable Hybrid Micro-grid for Urban Communities: A Case Study in UAE. Energy Procedia, 103, 419–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.309
IEEE Power & Energy Society., & Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (n.d.). IEEE PES GTD 2019 : Grand International Conference & Exposition Asia : conference: March 19-23 ; exposition: March 21-23, Bangkok International Trade & Exhibition Centre (BITEC), Bangkok, Thailand.
Irfan, M., Deilami, S., Huang, S., Tahir, T., & Veettil, B. P. (2024). Optimizing load frequency control in microgrid with vehicle-to-grid integration in Australia: Based on an enhanced control approach. Applied Energy, 366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123317
Khan, M. A., Zain Yousaf, M., Raza, A., Tahir, M. F., Ali, M., & Qadeer, A. (2022). The Optimized Model of Hybrid Grid Connected System for Power Generation of the University of Lahore, Pakistan. 2022 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Sustainable Technologies, ICEEST 2022 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEEST56292.2022.10077845
Lessons_learned_from_microgrid_implementation_at_electric_utility. (n.d.).
Li, Z., Shahidehpour, M., Aminifar, F., Alabdulwahab, A., & Al-Turki, Y. (2017). Networked Microgrids for Enhancing the Power System Resilience. In Proceedings of the IEEE (Vol. 105, Issue 7, pp. 1289–1310). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2017.2685558
Liang, H., Choi, B. J., Zhuang, W., & Shen, X. (2013). Stability enhancement of decentralized inverter control through wireless communications in microgrids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 321–331. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2226064
Liu, J., Cao, X., Xu, Z., Guan, X., Dong, X., & Wang, C. (2021). Resilient operation of multi-energy industrial park based on integrated hydrogen-electricity-heat microgrids. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 46(57), 28855–28869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.229
Loh, P. C., Li, D., Chai, Y. K., & Blaabjerg, F. (2013). Hybrid AC-DC microgrids with energy storages and progressive energy flow tuning. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(4), 1533–1543. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2012.2210445
Mehrizi-Sani, A., & Iravani, R. (2012). Constrained potential function - Based control of microgrids for improved dynamic performance. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 3(4), 1885–1892. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2197424
Men, Y., Ding, L., Zhang, J., & Lu, X. (2023). Secondary control fusion in inverter intensive dynamic microgrids for distribution system resiliency enhancement. IEnergy, 2(1), 9–13. https://doi.org/10.23919/ien.2023.0011
Mirzaeva, G., & Miller, D. (2023). DC and AC Microgrids for Standalone Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 59(6), 7908–7918. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2023.3299906
Muzzammel, R., Arshad, R., Raza, A., & Altalbe, A. (2024). Empirical design and comprehensive analysis of multiport converter in distributed generation enabled microgrids. Energy Reports, 12, 708–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.06.050
Ninad, N., Turcotte, D., & Poissant, Y. (2020). Analysis of PV-Diesel Hybrid Microgrids for Small Canadian Arctic Communities. Canadian Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 43(4), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1109/CJECE.2020.2995750
Onu, U. G., de Doile, G. N. D., Zambroni de Souza, A. C., & Balestrassi, P. P. (2024). Economic sustainability and social inclusion in rural electrical grid design. Utilities Policy, 89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2024.101779
Powell, J., McCafferty-Leroux, A., Hilal, W., & Gadsden, S. A. (2024). Smart grids: A comprehensive survey of challenges, industry applications, and future trends. In Energy Reports (Vol. 11, pp. 5760–5785). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.05.051
Rahmati, K., Ebrahimi, R., & Darabad, V. P. (2023). Optimal dynamic multi-microgrid structuring for improving distribution system resiliency considering time-varying voltage-dependent load models. Electric Power Systems Research, 221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2023.109488
Rehman, T., Khan, M. A., Hussain, A., & Kim, H. M. (2024). Optimal sizing of multi-energy microgrid with electric vehicle integration: Considering carbon emission and resilience load. Energy Reports, 11, 4192–4212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2024.04.001
Sen, R., & Bhattacharyya, S. C. (2014). Off-grid electricity generation with renewable energy technologies inIndia: An application of HOMER. Renewable Energy, 62, 388–398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2013.07.028
Silva, N., Fuinhas, J. A., Koengkan, M., Kazemzadeh, E., & Kaymaz, V. (2023). Renewable energy deployment in Europe: Do politics matter? Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-023-03839-0
Universitatea Politehnică București, IEEE Power & Energy Society, & Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (n.d.). Proceedings of 2019 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Europe (ISGT-Europe) : Bucharest, Romania, 29 September-2 October 2019.
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, & Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (n.d.). ICSGCE 2018 : 2018 International Conference on Smart Grid and Clean Energy Technologies : 29 May - 1 June, 2018, Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Kajang, Malaysia.
University of Buner. Department of Electronics & Computer Science, & Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. (n.d.). 1st International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE 2019) : 24th - 25th July 2019, Swat, Pakistan.
Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Sheng, H. (2024). Optimizing wind turbine integration in microgrids through enhanced multi-control of energy storage and micro-resources for enhanced stability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.140965
Wu, P., & Mei, X. (2024). Microgrids energy management considering net-zero energy concept: The role of renewable energy landscaping design and IoT modeling in digital twin realistic simulator. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.103621
Xu, Y., Li, Y., Ren, L., Xu, C., Tang, Y., Li, J., Chen, L., & Jia, B. (2018). Research on the Application of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage in Microgrids for Smoothing Power Fluctuation Caused by Operation Mode Switching. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2018.2808454
Xu, Y., Liu, C. C., Schneider, K. P., Tuffner, F. K., & Ton, D. T. (2018). Microgrids for service restoration to critical load in a resilient distribution system. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(1), 426–437. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2591531
Yan, L., Sheikholeslami, M., Gong, W., Shahidehpour, M., & Li, Z. (2022). Architecture, Control, and Implementation of Networked Microgrids for Future Distribution Systems. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 10(2), 286–299. https://doi.org/10.35833/MPCE.2021.000669
Yan, X., Abbes, D., Francois, B., & Bevrani, H. (2016, October 25). Dia-ahead optimal operational and reserve power dispatching in a PV-based urban microgrid. 2016 18th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, EPE 2016 ECCE Europe. https://doi.org/10.1109/EPE.2016.7695614
Yi, Z., Dong, W., & Etemadi, A. H. (2018). A unified control and power management scheme for PV-Battery-based hybrid microgrids for both grid-connected and islanded modes. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 9(6), 5975–5985. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2700332
Zeng, Z., Zhao, R., Yang, H., & Tang, S. (2014). Policies and demonstrations of micro-grids in China: A review. In Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (Vol. 29, pp. 701–718). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.09.015
Zhang, R., Zhou, N., Meng, X., Chi, Y., Wang, Q., & Zhang, M. (2022). A new starting capability assessment method for induction motors in an industrial islanded microgrid with diesel generators and energy storage systems. Electric Power Systems Research, 210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108099
Zhao, Z., Zhang, J., Yan, B., Cheng, R., Lai, C. S., Huang, L., Guan, Q., & Lai, L. L. (2020). Decentralized finite control set model predictive control strategy of microgrids for unbalanced and harmonic power management. IEEE Access, 8, 202298–202311. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3034947
Zhou, W., & Tang, S. (2024). Is renewable energy development endangering power supply reliability? Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33204-1
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.