Palabras clave
microplásticos
residuos plásticos
playa urbana
composición de polímeros
espectroscopia Raman
Cómo citar
Resumen
La contaminación por plásticos en ecosistemas costeros representa un desafío ambiental crítico con implicaciones para la biodiversidad, la integridad de los ecosistemas y el bienestar humano. Este estudio presenta una caracterización basada en tamaño de contaminantes plásticos depositados a lo largo de la línea de marea alta en un sector de la playa Boa Viagem (Recife, Brasil), integrando la evaluación de macro, meso y microplásticos con la identificación de polímeros. Se procesó una muestra compuesta de 1 kg recolectada a lo largo de un tramo de 100 m de la línea de marea alta mediante un procedimiento en dos fases: fraccionamiento por tamaño mediante tamizado seguido de separación por densidad para mejorar la recuperación de partículas plásticas. Los macroplásticos fueron clasificados según tamaño, color y fuente probable, mientras que los meso y microplásticos se caracterizaron por su morfología y color. La composición polimérica de partículas seleccionadas se determinó mediante espectroscopía Raman confocal. Se registraron 110 macroplásticos, 237 mesoplásticos y 185 microplásticos recuperados durante el tamizado, además de 49 partículas potencialmente plásticas recuperadas mediante separación por densidad. Los macroplásticos estuvieron asociados principalmente con actividades urbanas, recreativas y pesqueras, especialmente tapas y colillas de cigarrillos. Las fracciones de meso y microplásticos estuvieron dominadas por fragmentos y espumas. Entre las partículas identificadas mediante Raman se detectaron poliestireno, polietileno y polipropileno. Los resultados proporcionan una línea base preliminar para futuros programas de monitoreo y estrategias de gestión local.
Citas
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