Temporal and spatial distribution of marine cladocera species in a hypoxic area of the gulf of Cariaco (southeast Caribbean Sea)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10370189Keywords:
marine cladocerans, Guaracayal depression, Cariaco Gulf, coastal upwelling, zooplanktonAbstract
Cladocerans in coastal environments occupy a predominant place in the pelagic food web after copepods. The composition, abundance and vertical distribution of Cladocera were evaluated in the Guaracayal depression, Gulf of Cariaco, Venezuela. Sampling was carried out bimonthly between April 2012 and April 2013. Water samples were collected with a Niskin bottle (5L) at 5, 25, 45 and 75m, to determine the concentration of dissolved oxygen and Chl a. A conical opening-closing zooplankton net with depth messenger, 300 µm mesh opening, was used; the setting was carried out obliquely, at a speed of 2 knots for 10 min. Temperature and salinity were measured by means of a multiparameter probe (YSI). The phenomenon of coastal upwelling was evident between December 2012 and April 2013, associated with records of low temperature (<19ºC), high salinity (>37) and Chl a. The concentration of dissolved oxygen decreased (< 1 mg L-1) below 60 m depth between October and November 2012 (stratification period). Four species of cladocerans were identified: Penilia avirostris, Pseudoevadne tergestina, Evadne spinifera and Pleopis polyphemoides. The highest abundance was observed in April 2012 and 2013 at the surface level (5m) and the lowest abundances were found in October 2012. P. tergestina was the most abundant species, being recorded in all the months sampled and was even found in the anoxic stratum, followed by P. avirostris; to a lesser extent E. spinifera and P. polyphemoides were recognized. Two physicochemical factors, temperature and salinity, were the main drivers of changes in the composition of Cladocera.
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